Draft:Lithium-ion batteries/Minerals: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{dp|ev.nickel|28.9 kg|Amount of nickel in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} {{dp|ev.cobalt| 7.7 kg|Amount of cobalt in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} {{dp|ev.lithium|5.9 kg|Amount of lithium in an average electric vehicle battery|Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} {{dp|ev.battery|60 kWh|Battery capacity of an average electric vehicle |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} {{dp|c...") |
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{{dp|ev.nickel|28.9 kg|Amount of nickel in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | {{dp|ev.nickel|28.9 kg|Amount of nickel in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | ||
{{dp|ev.cobalt| 7.7 kg|Amount of cobalt in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | {{dp|ev.cobalt| 7.7 kg|Amount of cobalt in an average electric vehicle battery |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | ||
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{{dp|ev.battery|60 kWh|Battery capacity of an average electric vehicle |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | {{dp|ev.battery|60 kWh|Battery capacity of an average electric vehicle |Source: Statista <ref name="s1" />}} | ||
<!-- USGS --> | |||
{{dp|cobalt.reserves|11 million tonnes | |||
{{dp| | |Cobalt metal: mineral reserves, world total | ||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp|cobalt. | {{dp|cobalt.land_resources|25 million tonnes | ||
| | |Cobalt metal: terrestrial resources identified, world total | ||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp| | {{dp|cobalt.ocean_resources|120 million tonnes | ||
| | |Cobalt metal: resources identified in polymetallic nodules and crusts on the floor of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. | ||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp| | {{dp|cobalt.mine_production|230000 tonnes/year | ||
| | |Cobalt metal: production from mining, world total | ||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
<br />Data from 2023. Significantly higher than in 2022 (197000 tonnes/year). | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp| | |||
|Data from 2023. | {{dp|copper.reserves|1 billion tonnes | ||
|Copper metal: mineral reserves, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|copper.resources|2.1 billion tonnes | |||
|Copper metal: identified mineral ''resources'', world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|copper.mine_production|22 million tonnes/year | |||
|Copper metal: production from mining, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
<br />Data from 2023 | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|copper.refinery_production|27 million tonnes/year | |||
|Copper metal: production including from scrap, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
<br />Data from 2023 | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|lithium.reserves|28 million tonnes | |||
|Lithium metal: mineral reserves, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp| | {{dp|lithium.resources|105 million tonnes | ||
| | |Lithium metal: Estimated ''resources'', world total | ||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|lithium.mine_production|180000 tonnes/year | |||
|Lithium metal: production from mining, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
<br />Data from 2023. Significantly higher than in 2022 (146000 tonnes/year). | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp|nickel.reserves|130 million tonnes | |||
|Nickel metal: mineral reserves, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|nickel.resources|350 million tonnes | |||
|Estimated nickel ''resources'', world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|nickel.mine_production|3.6 million tonnes/year | |||
|Nickel metal: production from mining, world total | |||
|Source: USGS <ref name="usgs" /> | |||
<br />Data from 2023 | |||
}} | |||
<!-- Other sources --> | |||
{{dp|world.cars|1.44 billion|Number of cars in the world|Includes vans and small trucks, but not semi trucks. Data from 2023. Source: TODO}} | {{dp|world.cars|1.44 billion|Number of cars in the world|Includes vans and small trucks, but not semi trucks. Data from 2023. Source: TODO}} | ||
{{dp|world.semi_trucks|50 million|Number of semi trucks in the world|Data from 2023. Source: TODO<br /><br />A semi truck (also known as a freight truck) is used for transporting goods, and it is far larger than a typical road vehicle.}} | {{dp|world.semi_trucks|50 million|Number of semi trucks in the world|Data from 2023. Source: TODO<br /><br />A semi truck (also known as a freight truck) is used for transporting goods, and it is far larger than a typical road vehicle.}} | ||
{{dp|tesla_semi.battery|1000 kWh|Battery capacity of a Tesla Semi, model ___| Source: TODO}} | {{dp|tesla_semi.battery|1000 kWh|Battery capacity of a Tesla Semi, model ___| Source: TODO}} | ||
{{dp|li_ion.energy_by_mass|163 watt hours per kilogram | |||
|Specific energy of a lithium-ion battery | |||
|https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/battery-technology/ | |||
The article provides a range of values: 100 to 265 Wh/kg | |||
<br />We take the geometric average: 163 Wh/kg | |||
<!-- TALK: is this source too old? find something newer? --> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|ev_semi.cobalt|ev.cobalt / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery|Amount of cobalt metal in a typical electric semi truck|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).}} | <!-- Derived --> | ||
{{dp|ev_semi.lithium|ev.lithium / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery|Amount of lithium metal in a typical electric semi truck|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).}} | {{dp|ev.battery.mass|ev.battery / li_ion.energy_by_mass | ||
{{dp|ev_semi.nickel|ev.nickel / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery|Amount of nickel metal in a typical electric semi truck|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).}} | |Mass of a typical EV battery (car or van, not a commercial vehicle) | ||
|Calculated from other datapoints | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|ev_semi.cobalt|ev.cobalt / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery | |||
|Amount of cobalt metal in a typical electric semi truck | |||
|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024). | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|ev_semi.lithium|ev.lithium / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery | |||
|Amount of lithium metal in a typical electric semi truck | |||
|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024). | |||
}} | |||
{{dp|ev_semi.nickel|ev.nickel / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery | |||
|Amount of nickel metal in a typical electric semi truck | |||
|Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024). | |||
}} | |||
<!-- Calculations --> | |||
{{calc | {{calc | ||
|ev.cobalt * world.cars + world.semi_trucks * ev_semi.cobalt | |ev.cobalt * world.cars + world.semi_trucks * ev_semi.cobalt | ||
Line 53: | Line 117: | ||
{{pn|TALK: What about buses? And any other large vehicles this calculation missed?}} | {{pn|TALK: What about buses? And any other large vehicles this calculation missed?}} | ||
Tesla boasts that their batteries have "only" 3% cobalt, but that's actually ''worse'' than the status quo average: | |||
{{calc | |||
|ev.cobalt | |||
|% ev.battery.mass | |||
}} | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 13:44, 30 March 2024
cobalt.land_resources
25 million tonnes
Cobalt metal: terrestrial resources identified, world total
Source: USGS [2]
cobalt.ocean_resources
120 million tonnes
Cobalt metal: resources identified in polymetallic nodules and crusts on the floor of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
Source: USGS [2]
cobalt.mine_production
230000 tonnes/year
Cobalt metal: production from mining, world total
Source: USGS [2]
Data from 2023. Significantly higher than in 2022 (197000 tonnes/year).
copper.resources
2.1 billion tonnes
Copper metal: identified mineral resources, world total
Source: USGS [2]
copper.mine_production
22 million tonnes/year
Copper metal: production from mining, world total
Source: USGS [2]
Data from 2023
copper.refinery_production
27 million tonnes/year
Copper metal: production including from scrap, world total
Source: USGS [2]
Data from 2023
lithium.resources
105 million tonnes
Lithium metal: Estimated resources, world total
Source: USGS [2]
lithium.mine_production
180000 tonnes/year
Lithium metal: production from mining, world total
Source: USGS [2]
Data from 2023. Significantly higher than in 2022 (146000 tonnes/year).
nickel.mine_production
3.6 million tonnes/year
Nickel metal: production from mining, world total
Source: USGS [2]
Data from 2023
world.cars
1.44 billion
Number of cars in the world
Includes vans and small trucks, but not semi trucks. Data from 2023. Source: TODO
world.semi_trucks
50 million
Number of semi trucks in the world
Data from 2023. Source: TODO
A semi truck (also known as a freight truck) is used for transporting goods, and it is far larger than a typical road vehicle.
A semi truck (also known as a freight truck) is used for transporting goods, and it is far larger than a typical road vehicle.
tesla_semi.battery
1000 kWh
Battery capacity of a Tesla Semi, model ___
Source: TODO
li_ion.energy_by_mass
163 watt hours per kilogram
Specific energy of a lithium-ion battery
https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/battery-technology/
The article provides a range of values: 100 to 265 Wh/kg
We take the geometric average: 163 Wh/kg
ev.battery.mass
ev.battery / li_ion.energy_by_mass
Mass of a typical EV battery (car or van, not a commercial vehicle)
Calculated from other datapoints
ev_semi.cobalt
ev.cobalt / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery
Amount of cobalt metal in a typical electric semi truck
Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).
ev_semi.lithium
ev.lithium / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery
Amount of lithium metal in a typical electric semi truck
Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).
ev_semi.nickel
ev.nickel / ev.battery * tesla_semi.battery
Amount of nickel metal in a typical electric semi truck
Calculated from other datapoints, based on the Tesla Semi (one of the few electric semi trucks on the market today/2024).
(calculation loading) (calculation loading) (calculation loading)TODO: Copper
TALK: What about buses? And any other large vehicles this calculation missed?
Tesla boasts that their batteries have "only" 3% cobalt, but that's actually worse than the status quo average: (calculation loading)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weight of metals in lithium-ion EV batteries 2020 - Statista Even though the full data is behind a paywall, the summary is available: "In 2020, an average lithium-ion battery contained around 28.9 kilograms of nickel, 7.7 kilogram of cobalt, and 5.9 kilogram of lithium. [...] Based on the average battery composition in 2020 with 60 kWh capacity."
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024
https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2024 Even though the publication is U.S.-based, it also contains data regarding the entire world's minerals.