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The world currently struggles to feed everyone sustainably. But this '''doesn't''' have to be the case. There '''are''' enough resources to feed our growing population - '''if''' resources are used efficiently & ethically.

==Problems==

Current food-related problems include:
* [[Hunger]] & malnutrition<small>
::* About 829 million people lack calories or protein (1 in 10 people worldwide).
::* Even more people lack vitamins & minerals, even if they get enough calories & protein.</small>
* Environmental impact<small>
::* [[Habitat loss]], due to agriculture using so much [[land]].
::* [[climate change|Methane emissions]], such as from cows.
::* [[climate change|CO2 emissions]] from fertilizer production.
::* [[Pollution]] from [[pesticide]]s and [[fertilizer]]s.</small>
* Animal cruelty<small>
::* Particularly bad in [[factory farms]], which are the source of most animal products.</small>
* '''These problems are amplified by ''inefficiency'':'''

<!-- TALK: We need a way to make the above bullet list subpoints collapsible - collapsed by default - because the average reader doesn't need to start with those details, but instead be directed to the fact that the problems could be drastically reduced by tackling food-inefficiency -->

[[File:food-funnel.png|border|alt=The world produces more than '''double''' the amount of food crops needed to feed everyone. But after all the waste, losses, and animal agriculture, there isn't enough food left to go around; people still go hungry.]]

Read the exact numbers [[:File:food-funnel.png#Summary|here]].

==Solutions==

===Efficiency===
Even ''without'' any fundamental changes to food production, we can '''still end [[hunger]] and [[habitat loss]]''' by reducing any of the inefficiencies in the diagram above.<br />What this means in practice:
* '''Making food more [[plant-based]]''' - reducing ''animal consumption'' to its [[limits to sustainable animal consumption|sustainable limit]]
* '''Reducing [[food waste]]''' - especially in ''richer'' countries
* '''Reducing [[food loss]]''' - especially in ''poorer'' countries
* '''Not using crops as [[biofuel]]''' - except for the [[biomass waste|parts that can't be eaten]].

These actions require '''both''' ''personal changes'' '''and''' ''systemic changes''.

===Farming practices===
Anything that increases [[crop yields]] will ''also'' help end [[hunger]] and [[habitat loss]], in the same way as above.

However, it's possible that some "conventional" farming practices might ''only'' improve yields in the ''short-term'', and actually destroy the soil & local ecosystems, ruining yields in the ''long term''. 
<!-- OLD: However, we ''don't'' want practices that increase yields in the ''short term'' if they ''decrease'' yields in the ''long term'' {{x|this is typically caused by soil depletion or pollution}}. {{x|Even in extreme circumstances where people are urgently starving, it ''still'' probably wouldn't make sense to opt for "short term gain, long term pain" farming. At that point, maybe importing food or even receiving [[food aid]] would actually a better option, {{null|x|because the world (in total) already produces more than enough food crops (see food funnel above)}} and in the long term, restore local farm land so it can get high yields again.}} -->

<tab name="Research needed">
Things this page needs more information on:
* Just how bad are current farming practices, in terms of long-term yields?
* Would switching from [[monoculture]] to [[polyculture]] improve total yields {{x|could be measured by calories, protein, or dry mass}} while needing less [[pesticide]]? If so, is there a tradeoff? Perhaps an increase in [[labor]] - if so, by how much?
* [[Regenerative agriculture]]: could its yields be as high as current farming practices?
* Sub[[urban farming]] & gardening: Best case, how much of the world's food could it produce?
* How much [[fertilizer]] is fundamentally needed, to achieve high [[crop yields]] on a global scale?
Join the {{talk}} and help build this page!
</tab>

===Techy solutions===
Things that ''might'' be [[Term:viable|viable]] at some point in the future:
* [[Lab-grown meat]]
* [[Algae farming]]
<tab name="Less viable ideas" collapsed>
Things that aren't much better than the status quo:
* [[Insect farming]] - the food efficiency is still not any better than [[plant-based]]. If insects are fed [[food waste]], it still begs the question as to why that food was wasted in the first place.
Things that probably won't ever be viable:
* [[Vertical farming]] - needs too much [[energy]] - thus could never supply the world's calories or protein; best case, could provide a few fresh herbs in the city.
* [[Solein]] - needs too many [[materials]] (per unit of food production) - and it's unlikely for this to be solved enough in the future.
</tab>

==Bottom line==

All 8 billion people could be well-fed & healthy, without destroying the planet, and without anywhere near as much harm to animals. But all of this requires '''both''' personal changes and systemic changes.

[[Category: Basic needs]]