Minerals/table: Difference between revisions
< Minerals
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 170: | Line 170: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|8,070,000 <ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref> | |||
|{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}} | |{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references /> | <references /> |
Revision as of 07:10, 16 February 2023
Mining | Recycling | ||||||||||
Mineral | Labor intensity (hours/tonne) |
Energy intensity (GJ/tonne) |
Land intensity (m2/tonne) |
Global production (tonnes/year) |
Global reserves (tonnes) |
Global resources (tonnes) |
Note | Labor intensity (hours/tonne) |
Energy intensity (GJ/tonne) |
Global production (tonnes/year) |
Global presenceDefined as: The total amount ever mined to date. This could theoretically be seen as a "resource" to eventually recycle. (tonnes) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminium (Al) | 69,000,000 [1] | Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.... As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.16,000,000,000 [1] |
In 2022, aluminum recovered from purchased scrap in the United States was about 3.4 million tons, of which about 56% came from new (manufacturing) scrap and 44% from old scrap (discarded aluminum products). Aluminum recovered from old scrap was equivalent to about 29% of apparent consumption.[1] | ||||||||
Cement | 4,100,000,000 [1] | ||||||||||
Chromium (Cr) | 41,000,000 [1] | 560,000,000 [1] | |||||||||
Cobalt (Co) | 190,000 [1] | 8,300,000 [1] | 25,000,000 [1] | ||||||||
Copper (Cu) | 22,000,000 [1] | 890,000,000 [1] | A U.S. Geological Survey study of global copper deposits indicated that, as of 2015, identified resources contained 2.1 billion tons of copper, and undiscovered resources contained an estimated 3.5 billion tons.3,000,000,000 [1] |
||||||||
Gold (Au) | 3,100 [1] | 52,000 [1] | 15,000 discovered + 18,000 undiscovered 33,000 [1] | ||||||||
Graphite (C) | 1,300,000 [1] | 330,000,000 [1] | 800,000,000 [1] | ||||||||
Iron (Fe) | 1,300,000,000 [1] | ||||||||||
Lead (Pb) | 4,500,000 [1] | 85,000,000 [1] | 2,000,000,000 [1] | ||||||||
Lithium (Li) | 130,000 [1] | 26,000,000 [1] | 98,000,000 [1] | ||||||||
Nickel (Ni) | 3,300,000 [1] | 100,000,000 [1] | 300,000,000 [1] | ||||||||
PGMs Platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os) | 400 [1] | 70,000 [1] | 100,000 [1] | ||||||||
Salt (NaCl) | 290,000,000 [1] | ||||||||||
Sand | 380,000,000 [1] | ||||||||||
Silver (Ag) | 26,000 [1] | 550,000 [1] | |||||||||
Thorium (Th) | Production and reserves are associated with the recovery of monazite in heavy-mineral-sand deposits. Without demand for the rare earths, monazite likely would not be recovered for its thorium content under current market conditions.[1] |
6,400,000 [1] | |||||||||
Uranium (U) | 8,070,000 [2] | The energy density of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for breeder reactors. Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component. |
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf
- ↑ Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book')
The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.