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Minerals/table: Difference between revisions
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| | |{{p|- Sources cited in table headings are the ''default'' sources, cited unless otherwise specified.<br />- Table text is right-justified to make it easier to compare numbers visually.}} | ||
|colspan="6" align="center"|'''Mining''' | |colspan="6" align="center"|'''Mining''' | ||
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!Mineral | !Mineral | ||
!Labor<br />intensity<br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small> | !Labor<br />intensity<ref>Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023), using ''very'' simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the {{talk}} and we can fit it in the table.</ref><br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small> | ||
!Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small> | !Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small> | ||
!Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small> | !Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small> | ||
!Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small> | !Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><!--{{p|source cited, unless otherwise specified}}--><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small> | ||
!Global<br />reserves<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small> | !Global<br />reserves<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small> | ||
!Global<br />resources<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small> | !Global<br />resources<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small> | ||
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|Aluminium (Al) | |Aluminium (Al) | ||
| | |200 | ||
|<ref>Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production</ref>: 61 | |<ref>Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production</ref> : 61 | ||
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|69,000,000 | |69,000,000 | ||
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|{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} 16,000,000,000 | |{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} : 16,000,000,000 | ||
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|Cobalt (Co) | |Cobalt (Co) | ||
| | |{{p|Actual labor intensity is probably higher than this, because most cobalt comes from the Congo where wages are much lower than the "$4/hour average wage" used in estimating from mineral prices.}} : 2,974 | ||
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|Copper (Cu) | |Copper (Cu) | ||
| | |757 | ||
|<ref>Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html</ref>: 12 | |<ref>Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html</ref> : 12 | ||
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|22,000,000 | |22,000,000 | ||
|890,000,000 | |890,000,000 | ||
|{{p|<q>A U.S. Geological Survey study of global copper deposits indicated that, as of 2015, identified resources contained 2.1 billion tons of copper, and undiscovered resources contained an estimated 3.5 billion tons.</q>}} 3,000,000,000 | |{{p|<q>A U.S. Geological Survey study of global copper deposits indicated that, as of 2015, identified resources contained 2.1 billion tons of copper, and undiscovered resources contained an estimated 3.5 billion tons.</q>}} : 3,000,000,000 | ||
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|Gold (Au) | |Gold (Au) | ||
| | |4,935,542 | ||
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|3,100 | |3,100 | ||
|52,000 | |52,000 | ||
|{{p|15,000 discovered + 18,000 undiscovered<br />Not sure why this is lower than ''reserves''}} 33,000 | |{{p|15,000 discovered + 18,000 undiscovered<br />Not sure why this is lower than ''reserves''}} : 33,000 | ||
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|Iron (Fe) | |Iron (Fe) | ||
| | |50 | ||
|<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}}: 20 | |<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}} : 20 | ||
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|1,300,000,000 | |1,300,000,000 | ||
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|Lead (Pb) | |Lead (Pb) | ||
| | |168 | ||
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|Lithium (Li) | |Lithium (Li) | ||
| | |5,724 | ||
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|Nickel (Ni) | |Nickel (Ni) | ||
| | |2,189 | ||
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|100,000,000 | |100,000,000 | ||
|300,000,000 | |300,000,000 | ||
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|Oil | |||
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|<ref name="oil">Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/</ref> : 5,064,140,000 | |||
|<ref name="oil" /> : 235,838,240,000 | |||
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|PGMs {{p|Platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)}} | |PGMs {{p|Platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)}} | ||
| | |{{p|based on a 50/50 average of platinum and palladium prices}} : 3,237,432 | ||
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|Silver (Ag) | |Silver (Ag) | ||
| | |58,236 | ||
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|Uranium (U) | |Uranium (U) | ||
|9,517 | |||
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|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref> : 8,070,000 | |||
|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref>: 8,070,000 | |||
|{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}} | |{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}} | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||