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Minerals/table: Difference between revisions
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!Mineral | !Mineral | ||
!Labor<br />intensity<ref>Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023), using ''very'' simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the {{talk}} and we can fit it in the table.</ref><br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small> | !Labor<br />intensity<ref>Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023 - although ideally it would be better to use prices ''averaged'' over a year or two), using ''very'' simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the {{talk}} and we can fit it in the table.</ref><br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small> | ||
!Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small> | !Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small> | ||
!Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small> | !Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small> | ||
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|{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} : 16,000,000,000 | |{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} : 16,000,000,000 | ||
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|{{p|In 2022, aluminum recovered from purchased scrap in the United States was about 3.4 million tons, of which about 56% came from new (manufacturing) scrap and 44% from old scrap (discarded aluminum products). Aluminum recovered from old scrap was equivalent to about 29% of apparent consumption.}} | |{{p|In 2022, aluminum recovered from purchased scrap in the United States was about 3.4 million tons, of which about 56% came from new (manufacturing) scrap and 44% from old scrap (discarded aluminum products). Aluminum recovered from old scrap was equivalent to about 29% of apparent consumption.}} | ||
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|Cement | |Cement | ||
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|8,300,000 | |8,300,000 | ||
|25,000,000 | |25,000,000 | ||
| | |<ref>Life cycle assessment of cobalt extraction process - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2019.03.002 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2300396018301836</ref>{{p|<q>Particles emitted during cobalt mining consists radioactive emissions, cancer-causing particles, and particles which may cause vision problems, vomiting and nausea, heart problems, and Thyroid damage. Cobalt is an important gamma-ray source which is used as a radio therapeutic agent for cancer treatment (Baskar, Lee, Yeo, & Yeoh, 2012).</q>}} | ||
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|Copper (Cu) | |Copper (Cu) | ||
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|<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}} : 20 | |<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}} : 20 | ||
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|1, | |1,600,000,000 | ||
| | |85,000,000,000 | ||
| | |230,000,000,000 | ||
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|Oil | |Oil | ||
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