Minerals/table: Difference between revisions

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 !Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small>
 !Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small>
-!Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><!--{{p|source cited, unless otherwise specified}}--><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small>
+!Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small>
 !Global<br />reserves<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
 !Global<br />resources<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
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 |Cobalt (Co)
-|{{p|Actual labor intensity is probably higher than this, because most cobalt comes from the Congo where wages are much lower than the "$4/hour average wage" used in estimating labor from mineral prices.}} : 2,974
+|<ref>Estimated as follows:{{dp|congo.cobalt_miners|255000|Number of people working in cobalt mines in the Congo|[https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/drc-mining-industry-child-labor-and-formalization-small-scale-mining The DRC Mining Industry: Child Labor and Formalization of ...]<br /><q>Of the 255,000 Congolese mining for cobalt, 40,000 are children, some as young as six years.</q>}}{{dp|congo.cobalt_production|130000 tonnes/year|Amount of cobalt produced from mining in the Congo|Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023}}{{dp|full_time|40 hours/week||Due to lack of better data, we just have to we assume that the average miner works this many hours. Some maybe work more, some maybe work less.}}{{calc|congo.cobalt_miners * full_time / congo.cobalt_production|hours/tonne}}The Democratic Republic of Congo produces most of the world's cobalt, so it's reasonable to use this country for the calculation.</ref>{{p|If this was instead estimated the 'default' way (from mineral prices), it would be 2,974 hours/tonne. But that's likely an underestimate because most cobalt comes from the Congo where wages are much lower than the "$4/hour average wage" used in estimating labor from mineral prices.}} : 4,094
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