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Wind power: Difference between revisions
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===Land use=== | ===Land use=== | ||
Per unit of energy, wind needs far more [[land]] than solar{{x|in terms of the spacing between the wind turbines; not in terms of the footing size of the turbines}}. However, wind turbines can coexist with farm land{{x|whether crop land or pasture}}, without interfering with [[crop yields]]. Crop land alone | Per unit of energy, wind needs far more [[land]] than solar{{x|in terms of the spacing between the wind turbines; not in terms of the footing size of the turbines}}. However, wind turbines can coexist with farm land{{x|whether crop land or pasture}}, without interfering with [[crop yields]]. Crop land alone might provide enough space for enough wind turbines to meet global energy demands: | ||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>wind.rq_land</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>34.5 hectares/MW</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Land requirements of wind power</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Important:</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- This is per megawatt capacity (peak), not per average output.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- Stats can vary tremendously based on how windy the location is.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- This stat is based on 172 different wind projects scattered throughout the USA.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- Consider variance: (34.5 +/- 22.4) hectares/MW</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- This is the total land use, including the spacing between turbines in a wind farm.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- This is much bigger than [wind.rq_land_disturbed] which is just the land directly impacted by constructing the turbine itself.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Citation:</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Land-Use Requirements Of Modern Wind Power Plants In The United States</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
(Paul Denholm, Maureen Hand, Maddalena Jackson, and Sean Ong)</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Page 16</nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>energy.tfc</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>9937.70 Mtoe/year</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Global energy usage - total final consumption (TFC)</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Includes: fuel (80.7%) + electricity (19.3%) AFTER it is generated.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Does not include the fuel used in generating electricity. See [energy.tes] for that.</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Citation: "Key World Energy Statistics 2020" IEA</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
- Page 47 - Simplified energy balance table - World energy balance, 2018</nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>wind.capacity_factor</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>35%</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Wind power: ratio: average output / peak power capacity</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>"The capacity factor of a wind turbine is its average power output divided by its maximum power capability. On land, capacity factors range from 0.26 to 0.52. The average 2019 capacity factor for projects built between 2014 and 2018 was 41%. In the U.S., the fleetwide average capacity factor was 35%."</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
https://css.umich.edu/factsheets/wind-energy-factsheet</nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>crop_land</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>15000000 km^2</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Agricultural land used for growing crops - global total</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>https://ourworldindata.org/land-use</nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{calc | |||
|energy.tfc / wind.capacity_factor * wind.rq_land | |||
|% crop_land | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|{{p2|[discussion needed]|~ <code>wind.rq_land</code> is based in the status quo of wind projects, which are probably on land that's more windy than average. If wind turbines were to be on ''average'' crop land, the energy productivity may be less. Then again, there's also pasture and barren land where wind turbines could be placed too, and there's also offshore wind.{{pbr}}~ If all countries were developed, we'd need more than just <code>energy.tfc</code> - but then again, we don't need to get all our energy from wind; [[rooftop solar]] also has a lot of productive potential.}} | |||
}} | |||
There should be '''no need''' to destroy natural habitats to build wind farms. | There should be '''no need''' to destroy natural habitats to build wind farms. | ||