Code:fao usda.csv
fao_usda.csv is a cross-reference table, to connect data from two sources:
Purpose: to help analyze crop production in terms of calories, protein, etc.
FAO data specifies crop production in tonnes, but for some crops, this includes some inedible parts. For example a ton of bananas includes the peels; a ton of apples includes the cores.
USDA data specifies the nutrition per 100g edible portion of a food. It also usually specifies "percent refuse" which shows, for example, what percent of a banana is the peel. But sometimes the data is missing - for example, peanut shells.
The Multiplier column covers those cases. Oilseeds also use the Multiplier (for example, as the fraction of cotton harvest that is cottonseed oil).
Table columns:
- `Item Code (FAO)` -- FAO crop ID
- `NDB_No` -- USDA food ID
- `Multiplier`
This table is in the Code: namespace because (even though it's a .csv data table) it was made "in-house" here on this wiki. It was not a transformation of some other data file.
Code
"Item Code (FAO)","NDB_No","Multiplier"
"221","10261","1"
"711","02002","1"
"515","09003","1"
"526","09021","1"
"366","11007","1"
"367","11011","1"
"572","09037","1"
"203","16056","1"
"486","09040","1"
"44","20004","1"
"176","16014","1"
"414","11052","1"
"558","09302","1"
"552","09050","1"
"216","12078","1"
"181","16052","1"
"89","20008","1"
"358","11109","1"
"101","12021","1"
"461","16055","1"
"426","11124","1"
"217","12085","0.30"
"591","09003","1"
"125","11134","1"
"378","11568","1"
"393","11135","1"
"108","20088","1"
"531","09070","1"
"530","09063","1"
"220","12097","1"
"191","16056","1"
"459","11154","1"
"689","02009","1"
"401","11333","1"
"693","02010","1"
"698","02011","1"
"661","19078","1"
"249","12104","1"
"328","04502","0.096"
"195","16062","1"
"554","09078","1"
"397","11205","1"
"550","09083","1"
"577","09087","1"
"399","11209","1"
"569","09089","1"
"94","20036","1"
"512","09149","1"
"619","09174","1"
"542","09003","1"
"541","09279","1"
"603","09422","1"
"406","11215","1"
"720","11216","1"
"549","09107","1"
"103","20062","1"
"507","09111","1"
"560","09132","1"
"242","16087","0.70"
"225","12120","1"
"336","12012","0.50"
"263","04536","0.25"
"592","09148","1"
"407","11246","1"
"497","09150","1"
"201","16069","1"
"372","11251","1"
"333","12220","0.833"
"210","16076","1"
"56","20014","1"
"446","11167","1"
"571","09176","1"
"568","09181","1"
"299","12174","1"
"79","20031","1"
"449","11260","1"
"292","02024","1"
"702","02025","1"
"234","12142","1"
"75","20038","1"
"254","04055","0.1968856"
"339","04517","0.3"
"430","11278","1"
"260","09193","2.0"
"403","11282","1"
"402","11677","1"
"490","09200","1"
"600","09226","1"
"534","09236","1"
"521","09252","1"
"187","16085","1"
"417","11304","1"
"687","02030","1"
"748","02064","1"
"587","09263","1"
"197","16101","1"
"574","09266","1"
"223","12151","1"
"489","09277","1"
"536","09279","1"
"296","02033","1"
"116","11352","1"
"211","16001","1"
"394","11422","1"
"523","09296","1"
"92","20035","1"
"270","04582","0.38"
"547","09302","1"
"27","20040","0.667"
"149","11697","1"
"71","20062","1"
"280","12021","1"
"289","12023","1"
"83","20067","1"
"236","16108","1"
"723","02015","1"
"373","11457","1"
"544","09316","1"
"423","11052","1"
"157","19335","0.16"
"156","19334","0.13"
"161","19335","0.10"
"267","12036","1"
"122","11507","1"
"305","04034","0.30"
"495","09218","1"
"136","11518","1"
"388","11529","1"
"97","20069","1"
"463","11429","1"
"420","11088","1"
"205","11143","1"
"222","12155","1"
"567","09326","1"
"15","20080","1"
"137","11601","1"
"135","11991","1"Methodology
800 Agave fibres nes - skip. fibre crop. 221 Almonds, with shell - 12061 711 Anise, badian, fennel, coriander - 02002 515 Apples - 09003 526 Apricots - 09021 226 Areca nuts - skip because they aren't really used as a calorie/protein source, and there is no USDA data on them 366 Artichokes - 11007 367 Asparagus - 11011 572 Avocados - 09037 203 Bambara beans - 16056 [3] 486 Bananas - 09040 44 Barley - 20004 782 Bastfibres, other - skip. fibre crop. 176 Beans, dry - 16014 (i chose black beans as the standard) 414 Beans, green - 11052 558 Berries nes - 09302 552 Blueberries - 09050 216 Brazil nuts, with shell - 12078 181 Broad beans, horse beans, dry - 16052 89 Buckwheat - 20008 358 Cabbages and other brassicas - 11109 101 Canary seed - 12021 461 Carobs - 16055 426 Carrots and turnips - 11124 217 Cashew nuts, with shell - 12085 - Multiplier=0.30 [2] 591 Cashewapple - 09003 [4] 125 Cassava - 11134 378 Cassava leaves - 11568 265 Castor oil seed - skip because it's toxic to eat 393 Cauliflowers and broccoli - 11135 (cauliflower) and 11090 (broccoli) 108 Cereals nes - 20088 531 Cherries - 09070 530 Cherries, sour - 09063 220 Chestnut - 12097 191 Chick peas - 16056 459 Chicory roots - 11154 689 Chillies and peppers, dry - 02009 401 Chillies and peppers, green - 11333 (bell pepper) or 11979 (jalapeno) 693 Cinnamon (cannella) - 02010 698 Cloves - 02011 661 Cocoa, beans - 19078 (no USDA data on cacao beans, so just using baking chocolate (100% cacao)) 249 Coconuts - 12104 656 Coffee, green - couldn't find USDA for actual coffee beans. just use 14210 (espresso) 813 Coir - fibre. skip. 195 Cow peas, dry - 16062 554 Cranberries - 09078 397 Cucumbers and gherkins - 11205 550 Currants - 09083 (black) or 09084 (red n white) 577 Dates - 09087 i guess; hope the difference between dried n fresh isnt significant 399 Eggplants (aubergines) - 11209 821 Fibre crops nes - skip 569 Figs - 09089 773 Flax fibre and tow - skip 94 Fonio - 20036 (just using brown rice, close enough) 512 Fruit, citrus nes - 09149 619 Fruit, fresh nes - 09174 542 Fruit, pome nes - 09003 541 Fruit, stone nes - 09279 603 Fruit, tropical fresh nes - 09422 406 Garlic - 11215 720 Ginger - 11216 549 Gooseberries - 09107 103 Grain, mixed - 20062 507 Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) - 09111 560 Grapes - 09132 242 Groundnuts, with shell - 16087 - Multiplier=0.70 [2] 225 Hazelnuts, with shell - 12120 777 Hemp tow waste - skip. fibre 336 Hempseed - 12012. Multiplier=0.5 [5] 677 Hops - no usda, and probably not much of the nutritional value gets used. so skip 277 Jojoba seed - oil is not typically eaten, so skip 780 Jute - skip. fibre 778 Kapok fibre - skip 310 Kapok fruit - 09176 (no USDA data available; just gonna use mango) 263 Karite nuts (sheanuts) - 04536 - Multiplier=0.25 [1] 592 Kiwi fruit - 09148 224 Kola nuts - skip bc i cant find nutrition data aside from the fact that it's 2-3.5% caffeine. anyway flavor not food 407 Leeks, other alliaceous vegetables - 11246 497 Lemons and limes - 09150 201 Lentils - 16069 372 Lettuce and chicory - 11251 333 Linseed - 12220 - Multiplier=0.833 [6] 210 Lupins - 16076 56 Maize - 20014 446 Maize, green - 11167 571 Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas - 09176 809 Manila fibre (abaca) - skip 671 Mat� - skip bc it doesnt significantly contribute any calories or protein 568 Melons, other (inc.cantaloupes) - 09181 299 Melonseed - 12174 close enough 79 Millet - 20031 but hopefully doesnt include the hulls 449 Mushrooms and truffles - 11260 292 Mustard seed - 02024 702 Nutmeg, mace and cardamoms - 02025 234 Nuts nes - 12142 75 Oats - 20038 254 Oil palm fruit - Multiplier=0.1968856 [7] 339 Oilseeds nes - 04517 - Multiplier=0.3 [1] 430 Okra - 11278 260 Olives - 09193 - Multiplier=2.0 [8] 403 Onions, dry - 11282 402 Onions, shallots, green - 11677 490 Oranges - 09200 600 Papayas - 09226 534 Peaches and nectarines - 09236 521 Pears - 09252 187 Peas, dry - 16085 (usda is split, which is missing the hulls, but it's probably less than 1% difference, and besides, the hulls are edible) 417 Peas, green - 11304 i think, make sure USDA shows it's mostly water 687 Pepper (piper spp.) - 02030 748 Peppermint - 02064 587 Persimmons - 09263 197 Pigeon peas - 16101 for mature seeds (probably dry) vs 11344 for immature seeds (prob hi moisture). check yields to guess which one should be used 574 Pineapples - 09266 223 Pistachios - 12151 489 Plantains and others - 09277 536 Plums and sloes - 09279 296 Poppy seed - 02033 116 Potatoes - 11352 211 Pulses nes - 16001 (adzuki) 394 Pumpkins, squash and gourds - 11422 (pumpkin) or 11467 (squash) or 11218 (gourd) 754 Pyrethrum, dried - skip bc it's not a food 523 Quinces - 09296 92 Quinoa - 20035 788 Ramie - skip. fibre 270 Rapeseed - 04582 - Multiplier=0.38 [1] 547 Raspberries - 09302 27 Rice, paddy - 20040 - Multiplier=0.667 [1] - The Multiplier can also be confirmed by looking at the data: For every row of "Rice, paddy", there is an equivalent row of "Rice, paddy (rice milled equivalent)" with the value multiplied by 0.667. 30 Rice, paddy (rice milled equivalent) - Skip to avoid double counting. While you might think it would be better to use ''this row'' instead of "Rice, paddy" (to avoid needing a Multiplier), this row doesn't have all the data elements - it lacks "Area harvested" and "Yield". 149 Roots and tubers nes - 11697 836 Rubber, natural - skip. inedible 71 Rye - 20062 280 Safflower seed - 12021 - assuming the FAO data is for seeds in hulls 328 Seed cotton - Multiplier=0.096 [9] 289 Sesame seed - 12023 789 Sisal - skip. fibre 83 Sorghum - 20067 236 Soybeans - 16108 723 Spices nes - 02015 - using 'curry powder' because it's a mix of spices, so most likely to have an 'average' nutrition profile. 373 Spinach - 11457 544 Strawberries - 09316 423 String beans - 11052 157 Sugar beet - 19335 - Multiplier=0.16 [10] 156 Sugar cane - 19334 - Multiplier=0.13 [11] 161 Sugar crops nes - 19335 - Multiplier=0.10 but this is completely arbitrary. no data available [12] 267 Sunflower seed - 12036 - assuming FAO counts the shells 122 Sweet potatoes - 11507 305 Tallowtree seed - 04034 - Multiplier=0.30 [1] 495 Tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas - 09218 136 Taro (cocoyam) - 11518 667 Tea - skip bc not a significant source of calories or protein 826 Tobacco, unmanufactured - skip for the same reason as tea 388 Tomatoes - 11529 97 Triticale - 20069 275 Tung nuts - skip bc not used for food; the oil is for wood finishes 692 Vanilla - skip bc it's just a flavoring; nutrition is insignificant 463 Vegetables, fresh nes - 11429 420 Vegetables, leguminous nes - 11088 205 Vetches - 11143 - just using celery - not enough data on vetches [13] 222 Walnuts, with shell - 12155 567 Watermelons - 09326 15 Wheat - 20080 137 Yams - 11601 135 Yautia (cocoyam) - 11991 footnotes: [1] FAOSTAT, "Definitions and standards - Crops - Item Group - Oilcrops, Oil Equivalent" [https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL] [2] FAOSTAT, "Definitions and standards - Crops - Item" [https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL] [3] Bambara beans are "known as a 'complete food' as the seeds contain on average 63% carbohydrate, 19% protein and 6.5% fat, making it a very important source of dietary protein." - http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/bambaragroundnut/en/ . This nutritional profile is remarkably similar to chick peas, so that's the USDA data I chose to use. [4] Cashewapple nutrition facts are found in https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/cashew_apple.html. Looks remarkably similar to USDA data for apples. [5] from "Hempseed in food industry: Nutritional value, health benefits, and industrial applications - "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12517 : the Multiplier 0.5 is interred from the fact that measurements of protein, fat, and oil - in "whole seed" - are roughly at the midpoint between "dehulled seed" and "hemp hulls". Note: the hulls do in fact have some protein and oils, but the fibre content is so high, i'm counting them as inedible for humans. They may in fact have a place in the human diet. Note: btw, another data source is comparing protein and oil content of shelled and unshelled hemp seeds: https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/hempseed-oil-in-a-nutshell-march-2010 see image1 chart [6] Linseed: USDA says flaxseed is 42% fat, but FAO [1] says 35%. Assume the discrepency is due to fao "linseed" data including hulls (flaxseed nutrition data does not). So let's use a Multiplier of 0.833 (=35%/42%) [7] Oil palm fruit: To get the Multiplier, we look at a different FAO dataset: [[:File:fao-crops-processed.csv]], which includes the production of palm oil (item code 257) and palm kernel oil (item code 256). Add those two together, and divide by the ''oil palm fruit'' of this dataset, and you get the Multiplier. Using the most recent 2 years where data is available (2018 and 2019), we get (71735061 + 74583225 + 7918019 + 8226464) / (409265212 + 415898058) = 0.1968856. For simplicity sake, we count all the oil as palm oil, even though a small percent is palm ''kernel'' oil. The latter has a bit more saturated fat, but the calories are the same. [8] Olives: USDA data is only available for canned olives. Such data shows 10% oil. But FAO [1] says olives are 22% oil. If we assume that the discrepency is entirely because the canned olives are diluted with saltwater... then we use a Multiplier of 2.2. But then again, olives intended for oil probably have more oil whereas olives for canning might have more starch and/or protein. So I'm lowering the Multiplier to 2.0. [9] Seed cotton is "55%-65%" seeds [2], and cottonseeds are 16% oil [1]. Thus, Multiplier = 60% * 16% = 9.6% = 0.096 [10] "Sugar beets contain in average 16 % sugar, 80 % of which can be recovered by the extraction process [...] remaining sugar (non-crystallised) are left with the molasses." - http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae377e.pdf . Let's count all 16%, but count it at granulated sucrose for simplicity sake. There is no USDA data on beet molasses anyway. [11] "The sugar content of sugar cane ranges from 10 to 15 percent of the total weight" - http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef03e.HTM [12] Sugar crops nes: includes sugar maple, sugar palm, and sweet sorghum. "In the case of saps, production is to be expressed in liquid equivalent." but who knows what that means. Maple sap is about 6% sugar. Sugar palm is probably more. And sorghum is probably over 60% after hydrolysing the starches... but it's probably already counted under "83. Sorghum" - how am I supposed to know? Anyway, I'm just gonna say sugar crops nes are 10% sugar. Might be wrong, but it's not a big part of total production so whatever. [13] Vetches - too many unknowns: what parts of the crop can be eaten by humans? vs by animals? what parts does the FAO harvest weight include? where can i find nutrition data??? Screw it, I'm just gonna use USDA celery data and call it a day. other considerations: Oilseeds have other nutrients besides oil. Those nutrients could potentially be used in food. But for some oilseeds (canola, cotton, palm), they currently are not. And the USDA nutrition data is only available for their refined oils. Therefore, this analysis only counts their oils. Hopefully we can explore the greater potential of oilseeds in some other analysis.