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How much energy storage would it take: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "How much energy storage would be needed, '''per capita''', to sustain status-quo "developed country"-type material conditions without fossil fuels? ==Vehicles== ===Battery EVs=== {{dp |<nowiki>ev.battery</nowiki> |<nowiki>65.2 kWh</nowiki> |<nowiki>Energy capacity of the average electric vehicle battery</nowiki> |<nowiki>Useable battery capacity of full electric vehicles</nowiki><br /><nowiki> https://ev-database.org/cheatsheet/useable-battery...") |
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Simple estimate: 54 kWh | Simple estimate: 54 kWh | ||
<tab name="See calculation" collapsed> | |||
Estimated from US vehicle ownership statistics | |||
{{calc | |||
|<nowiki>ev.battery * usa.registered_vehicles / usa.population</nowiki> | |<nowiki>ev.battery * usa.registered_vehicles / usa.population</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>kWh</nowiki> | |<nowiki>kWh</nowiki> | ||
}} }} | }} | ||
{{pn|TODO: add commercial vehicles (semi trucks, at least)}} | |||
</tab> | |||
<!-- | |||
===Hydrogen combustion=== | ===Hydrogen combustion=== | ||
{{empty}} | {{empty}} | ||
{{pn|TALK: the page [[How much electricity would it take]] assumes battery EVs. If referencing this in the calculation, then be sure to adjust the numbers accordingly.}} | |||
--> | |||
==Stationary storage== | |||
The need for energy storage depends on which mix of energy sources is used. Here are some scenarios. | |||
{{minor|Note: Some of the "''short-term energy storage''" here may overlap with vehicle batteries, if people use their EVs as grid storage.}} | |||
{{dp | {{dp | ||
|energy_demand | |energy_demand | ||
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* 6773 kWh long-term storage - equivalent to 203 kg of [[hydrogen gas]] (but its container might be much heavier - several tons perhaps) | * 6773 kWh long-term storage - equivalent to 203 kg of [[hydrogen gas]] (but its container might be much heavier - several tons perhaps) | ||
<tab name="See calculations" style="margin-left:0.5em" collapsed> | <tab name="See calculations" style="margin-left:0.5em" collapsed> | ||
Solar tends to follow a day/night cycle, but sometimes there are cloudy days where the output is less. Therefore, assume that storing 24 hours of average energy demand is just about enough: | |||
{{calc | {{calc | ||
|24 hours energy_demand | |24 hours energy_demand | ||
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}} | }} | ||
In the winter, average solar output tends to be about half what it is in the summer.<!--TODO: add the cite--> Of course this depends on what part of the world we're dealing with, but for the sake of a quick estimate, we're just looking at a general case. So assume that storing 6 months worth of ''half'' the average energy demand would be enough: | |||
{{calc | {{calc | ||
|6 months 50% energy_demand | |6 months 50% energy_demand | ||
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|kg hydrogen_gas.energy_by_mass | |kg hydrogen_gas.energy_by_mass | ||
}} | }} | ||
The idea would be to produce hydrogen gas (or ammonia or some other fuel) in the summer using excess electricity, then burn it in the winter or whenever it is needed. This should be reasonable considering that <code>energy_demand</code> includes some things that don't necessarily ''have to'' be electric (i.e. heating; cooking; industrial uses of heat; hydrogen or ammonia combustion vehicles). | |||
</tab> | </tab> | ||
====Estimates from real data==== | ====Estimates from real data==== | ||
{{empty}} | {{empty}} | ||