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It's good to get a general sense of the world's energy demand, to figure out how it could be met without [[fossil fuels]].
This page is an attempt to estimate how much [[energy]] it takes to sustain a reasonable quality of life in a developed country.


==Status quo==
==Tables==
[[File:energy-demand-status-quo.png]]


==With electric vehicles==
[[Energy units]]: '''W''' (watts per capita, ''averaged over time''. This is not the same as ''peak'' watts).
[[EVs]] are more energy-efficient but take more energy to manufacture. In an all-electric world, a quick estimate might be to subtract half of the all transport-related energy, and add 20% to the 'industrial' section.
{{p2|(example)|Suppose an [[electric car]] charger operates at 4800 watts, but the car is only charging for 2 hours per day on average. So the wattage ''averaged over time'' is 400 watts. Also note: If a family of 2 people owns 1 of these cars, then that's 200 ''watts per capita''.}}
* {{minor|Non-electric energy usage (fuel) is still measured in watts, this same way, for the sake of comparison.}}
 
{{dp
|<nowiki>oecd.energy.tfc</nowiki>
|<nowiki>3784.37 Mtoe/year</nowiki>
|<nowiki>OECD countries - energy usage - total final consumption</nowiki>
|<nowiki>Key World Energy Statistics 2020 (IEA report)</nowiki><br /><nowiki>
- Page 49: OECD energy balance, 2018</nowiki>
}}
{{dp
|<nowiki>oecd.population</nowiki>
|<nowiki>1372683615</nowiki>
|<nowiki>Number of people living in OECD countries</nowiki>
|<nowiki>Population, total - World Bank Data</nowiki><br /><nowiki>
data.worldbank.org › indicator › SP.POP.TOTL </nowiki><br /><nowiki>
</nowiki><br /><nowiki>
Using data from 2020</nowiki><br /><nowiki>
</nowiki><br /><nowiki>
OECD countries are: Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.</nowiki>
}}
{{dp
|oecd.residential.heating
|10% oecd.energy.tfc
|
|subset of <tt>oecd.residential</tt>
<br />Page 44 of KWES2020 - inferring from statistic on IEA countries, which mostly overlap with OECD countries
}}
{{dp
|oecd.residential
|20% oecd.energy.tfc
}}
{{dp
|oecd.services
|14% oecd.energy.tfc
}}
{{dp
|oecd.industrial.manufacturing
|23% oecd.energy.tfc
|not entirely useful on its own, because people in OECD countries consume a lot of goods manufactured ''outside'' of OECD countries
}}
{{dp
|oecd.industrial.manufacturing.chemicals
|5% oecd.energy.tfc
|
|subset of <tt>oecd.industrial.manufacturing</tt>
}}
{{dp
|oecd.industrial.mining
|4% oecd.energy.tfc
}}
{{dp
|oecd.industrial.other
|3% oecd.energy.tfc
|Includes agriculture & construction. Excludes manufacturing & mining.
}}
{{dp
|oecd.transport
|36% oecd.energy.tfc
}}
{{dp
|oecd.transport.passenger_cars
|21% oecd.energy.tfc
|
|subset of <tt>oecd.transport</tt>
}}
{{dp
|world.energy.tfc
|9937.70 Mtoe/year
|Total final consumption (TFC)
|Page 47 of KWES2020
}}
{{dp
|world.industrial
|2839.31 Mtoe/year
}}
{{dp
|world.population
|7.9 billion
|
|Using data from 2021
}}
{{dp
|usa.population
|336997624
|
|Using data from 2021
}}
{{dp
|usa.residential.cooling
|204 billion kilowatt hours / year
|
|4=Using data from 2021 - [https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3 U.S. Energy Information Agency]
}}
{{dp
|usa.residential.other
|520 billion kilowatt hours / year
|
|4=Using data from 2021 - [https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3 U.S. Energy Information Agency]
}}
{|class="wikitable"
|
|Status quo{{p|based on OECD countries, most of which are ''developed''}}
|Status quo, electrified{{p|all vehicles electric instead of fossil fuels<br /><br />~ Estimated based on the energy footprint of [[lithium-ion batteries]].}}
|Minimal consumption{{p|Involves major personal & social changes:<br /><br />~ [[Public transit]] and [[walkability]]<br /><br >~ [[Frugalism]]<br /><br />~ Abolishing [[planned obsolescence]] and [[code bloat]]}}
|-
|Residential - [[heating]] {{p|~ heating indoor air (not water)<br /><br />~ varies with the weather and local climate<br /><br />~ energy may be fuel or electricity}}
|{{p2|366 W|{{calc|oecd.residential.heating / oecd.population|W}} }}
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|- <!--
|Residential - [[hot water]] {{p|~ energy may be fuel or electricity}}
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|- -->
|Residential - [[cooling]] {{p|~ cooling indoor air (not food refrigeration)<br /><br />~ varies with the weather and local climate}}
|{{p2|69 W|{{calc|usa.residential.cooling / usa.population|W}} }}
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|-
|Residential - '''other''' {{p|Entirely electricity - anything used in the home {{light|(except for heating/cooling<!--or hot water-->; also does not include charging electric vehicles, as that goes in "transport")}}.<br /><br />A lot of websites that teach you how to "save energy" are centered on this. But as you can see, it's actually quite a small part of energy demand!}}
|{{p2|176 W|{{calc|usa.residential.other / usa.population|W}} }} <!-- FIXME: this is using the wrong statistic (it excludes some things we want to count and includes some things we don't want to count) -->
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|-
|Commercial & public {{p|This is not split into heating/cooling/misc (unlike for residential) due to lack of more detailed data.<br /><br />Affected by:<br />~ how often people eat at restaurants<br />~ government spending}}
|{{p2|512 W|{{calc|oecd.services / oecd.population|W}} }}
|{{light|&larr; same}}
|-
|Industrial - <small>manufacturing & mining</small> {{p|Affected by:<br />~ what people buy, and how much of it}}
|{{p2|935 W|{{calc|(oecd.energy.tfc*world.industrial/world.energy.tfc - oecd.industrial.other) / oecd.population|W||Estimated in a more complex way, because people in OECD countries consume a lot of goods that were manufactured ''outside'' of OECD countries.}} }}
|{{light|(to be calculated)}}
|-
|Industrial - other {{p|Includes agriculture & construction<br /><br />Affected by:<br />~ what people eat<br />~ how much food is wasted by people & businesses}}
|{{p2|110 W|{{calc|oecd.industrial.other / oecd.population|W||Estimated from OECD energy usage alone (even though they do import some food), because OECD countries produce enough food crops to feed their local population. {{npn}}<!-- TODO: make an analysis page based on [[Code:food1.sql]] -->}} }}
|{{light|(to be calculated)}}
|-
|Transport - passenger cars {{p|Includes cars, vans, SUVs and ''personal'' trucks.<br /><br />Affected by:<br />~ how much people drive}}<!--
TALK: split up transport differently? freight trucks and ships are affected by what ppl buy. planes are affected by how much people fly. trains are minor in any case. Split: would it be simpler to just have "Transport - people" and "Transport - goods"? -->
|{{p2|768 W|{{calc|oecd.transport.passenger_cars / oecd.population|W}} }}
|{{light|(to be calculated)}}
|-
|Transport - other {{p|Includes freight trucks, cargo ships, planes and trains.<br /><br />Affected by:<br />~ what people buy, and how much of it<br />~ how often people fly}}
|{{p2|549 W|{{calc|(oecd.transport - oecd.transport.passenger_cars) / oecd.population|W}} }}
|{{light|(to be calculated)}}
|-
|'''Total'''
|3485 W<!--{{p2|3658 W|{{calc|oecd.energy.tfc / oecd.population|W}} }}-->
|
|}
{{minor|All datapoints are cited from ''Key World Energy Statistics 2020 (IEA report)'' unless otherwise specified.}}
 
 
===Note on reducing environmental impacts=== <!-- TALK: maybe move this somewhere else? -->
* When it comes to [[climate change]]: '''[[Energy]]''' usage is the main culprit.
** {{light|Home electricity is just a small part of this.}} The best thing people can do is '''drive less and buy less'''.
*** {{minor|Note: This is targeted at the average person who lives in a developed country. If you are poor, you probably ''don't'' need to consume less.}}&nbsp; <!-- TODO: move the 'minimal consumption' popup content here -->
* When it comes to [[habitat loss]]: '''[[Land]]''' usage is the main culprit.
** The best thing people can do is eat more [[plant-based]] and [[food waste|waste less food]].
 
==Purpose==
This page is currently incomplete. By finishing it, we can gain insights like:
* How much energy & emissions can be saved by various societal changes:
** [[frugalism|Buying less stuff]] / ending [[planned obsolescence]]
** Driving less ([[walkability]] or using [[public transit]])
** [[food waste|Wasting less food]]
** Eating more [[plant-based]]
** Making vehicles [[EVs|electric]]
* If [[solar]] was the world's main [[energy]] source:
** How many [[solar panels]] would there need to be near ''homes'' vs near ''industries''?
** How much of the electricity needs to be [[baseload|available 24/7]] (requiring [[energy storage]])?


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Energy demand scenarios]]
* [[Energy demand scenarios]] (an older analysis)
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