Energy storage: Difference between revisions
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Added up all the countries: 9,200,000 + 4,700,000 + 1,900,000 + 1,500,000 + 750,000 + 220,000 + 95,000 + 60,000 = 18,425,000 metric tons</nowiki> | Added up all the countries: 9,200,000 + 4,700,000 + 1,900,000 + 1,500,000 + 750,000 + 220,000 + 95,000 + 60,000 = 18,425,000 metric tons</nowiki> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{dp | {{dp | ||
|<nowiki>li_ion.cobalt_by_energy</nowiki> | |<nowiki>li_ion.cobalt_by_energy</nowiki> | ||
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|<nowiki>https://www.statista.com/statistics/264930/global-cobalt-reserves/</nowiki> | |<nowiki>https://www.statista.com/statistics/264930/global-cobalt-reserves/</nowiki> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{calc | |||
|vehicle_energy_storage_needed * li_ion.lithium_by_energy | |||
|% lithium.reserves | |||
}} | |||
{{calc | |||
|other_energy_storage_needed * li_ion.lithium_by_energy | |||
|% lithium.reserves | |||
}} | |||
Just barely. How about cobalt? | |||
{{calc | {{calc | ||
|vehicle_energy_storage_needed * li_ion.cobalt_by_energy | |vehicle_energy_storage_needed * li_ion.cobalt_by_energy | ||
|% cobalt.reserves | |% cobalt.reserves | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{calc | |||
|other_energy_storage_needed * li_ion.cobalt_by_energy | |||
|% cobalt.reserves | |||
}} | |||
Not viable. | |||
===Iron-redox flow batteries=== | ===Iron-redox flow batteries=== |
Revision as of 00:36, 24 October 2022
In the pursuit of green energy, storage is needed for 2 reasons:
- To smooth out the intermittency of solar and wind power.
- To store energy in electric vehicles without gasoline or diesel.
How much would be needed?
Vehicles
https://ev-database.org/cheatsheet/useable-battery-capacity-electric-car
https://hedgescompany.com/blog/2021/06/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world/
^ This could be reduced by (calculation loading)walkability and public transit (specifically trains).
Other
We subtract transport because it was already dealt with above. We subtract industrial because - in principle, most factories/industry could just run during peak sunlight/wind, needing negligable energy storage.
^ This could be reduced by alternative heating/cooling systems for homes/buildings. (calculation loading)
There are more options for this type of energy storage, because it's stationary (not moving in a vehicle).
How much storage is this really?
Most people aren't familiar with terajoules. Let's express it instead in terms of "gallons of gasoline equivalent energy" per person.
(calculation loading)
This much energy has to be stored in some other way (not gasoline).
Types
Hydrogen gas
Lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are the current standard for electric cars and most small gadgets (phones, laptops, etc).
Is there enough lithium?
https://www.fluxpower.com/blog/what-is-the-energy-density-of-a-lithium-ion-battery
It's 3.6 volts for the "cobalt type" of lithium-ion battery. Other types might have a very slightly different voltage.
The article says lithium per amp hour. We convert this to lithium per watt hour (energy), by including the cell voltage.
Added up all the countries: 9,200,000 + 4,700,000 + 1,900,000 + 1,500,000 + 750,000 + 220,000 + 95,000 + 60,000 = 18,425,000 metric tons
(calculation loading) (calculation loading)
Just barely. How about cobalt? (calculation loading) (calculation loading)
Not viable.